Explore how and when the stars are born and how far they live…

The life cycle of a star is determined by its mass. The greater the mass of the star, the shorter is its life span. The hottest stars are blue in color, and the coolest one appears red. The life cycles of the stars are almost same up to main sequence (i.e. – red-giant phase). And after that they have unique way of dying out as per their masses.

The life of a star about one solar mass

Stage 1-

Stars are born in a region of high density Nebula, and condenses into a huge globule of gas and dust and contracts under its own gravity.

Stage 2 -

A region of condensing matter will begin to heat up and start to glow forming Protostars. If a Protostar contains enough matter the central temperature reaches 15 million degrees centigrade.

Stage 3 -

At this temperature, nuclear reactions in which hydrogen fuses to form helium can start.

Stage 4 -

The star begins to release energy, stopping it from contracting even more and causes it to shine. It is now a Main Sequence Star.

Stage 5 -

A star of one solar mass remains in main sequence for about 10 billion years, until all of the hydrogen has fused to form helium.

Stage 6 -

The helium core now starts to contract further and reactions begin to occur in a shell around the core.

Stage 7 -

The core is hot enough for the helium to fuse to form carbon. The outer layers begin to expand, cool and shine less brightly. The expanding star is now called a Red Giant.

Stage 8 -

The helium core runs out, and the outer layers drift of away from the core as a gaseous shell, this gas that surrounds the core is called a Planetary Nebula.

Stage 9 -

The remaining core (that is 80% of the original star) is now in its final stages. The core becomes a White Dwarf the star eventually cools and dims. When it stops shining, the now dead star is called a Black Dwarf.

Massive Stars – The Life of a Star of about 10 Solar Masses

Massive stars have a mass 3x times that of the Sun. Some are 50x that of the Sun.

Stage 1 -

Massive stars evolve in a similar way to a small star until it reaches its main sequence stage (see small stars, stages 1-4). The stars shine steadily until the hydrogen has fused to form helium (it takes billions of years in a small star, but only millions in a massive star).

Stage 2 -

The massive star then becomes a Red Super giant and starts of with a helium core surrounded by a shell of cooling, expanding gas.

Stage 3 -

In the next million years a series of nuclear reactions occur forming different elements in shells around the iron core.

Stage 4 -

The core collapses in less than a second, causing an explosion called a Supernova, in which a shock wave blows of the outer layers of the star. (The actual supernova shines brighter than the entire galaxy for a short time).

Stage 5 -

Sometimes the core survives the explosion. If the surviving core is between 1.5 – 3 solar masses it contracts to become a tiny, very dense Neutron Star. If the core is much greater than 3 solar masses, the core contracts to become a Black Hole.

University of Central Florida is fully equipped by surveillance cameras that will monitor every single activity inside the campus. Beware of doing any falsified activities during class or in exams. You will get caught.

Cheating on college exams is going to get a whole lot more difficult if you go to the University of Central Florida. The proctors watch over test takers like hawks, and are equipped with an arsenal of new techy tools at their disposal that are sure to capture the activities of those partiers who didn’t feel like studying last night.

Don’t even try making any suspicious moves, either, because a cop-like proctor will start recording everything you do on your computer in real time, while directing an overhead camera to zoom in on you. Feeling creepy yet? You’ll feel even worse when all of your movements during the test are recorded as evidence onto a CD

Nicalis has posted a new teaser site for NightSky, its ambient action game/physics-based puzzler for WiiWare, created by Nicklas “Nifflas” Nygren (Knytt).Nightsky has a a variety of unique properties while solving physics-based puzzles

.Spanning 10 levels (which are broken down into 13 additional areas) and promising around six hours of gameplay, NightSky has you navigating a crystal sphere across “sunset plains, dreary mountains, abandoned ruins, and other locales”

Along with multiple difficulties, the game offers an unlockable second quest with “significantly modified topography, secret areas, and all-new challenges”. Those looking for a challenge will also find a “formidable tak for even the hardest of the hardcore players”, too.from GameSetWatch.

If one crushes Xeon difluoride with the pressure of one million times that of our atmosphere, the mild white powder turned out the be most super substance.

Due to the chemical process and at that much pressure the energy get stored in the crushed substance, and hence it makes a tremendous energy storage device.

Too much, 1,000,000 atmosphere worth pressure is not easily applicable, for this substance it has to engrave circuits with silicon. To hold that kind of pressure, you need a tiny 2-by-3-inch compartment lined with a couple of diamond anvils.

This at last results in the form of metallic brick as shown in the picture, which is huge source of Nuclear Energy storage device ever created.

Everybody is hoping that this battery remains in the safe hands always and always be used in constructive and peaceful work, else the other way results would be probably disaster.

Washington State Chemistry Lab is associated with this discovery.

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Explore incredible facts , zones and features of sun and get an precise overview of all aspects of sun as a complete. information about super solar flares as well. 

The Sun 

          The Sun is the only star in the solar system. It Sun comprises the 99.867% of the total matter in our solar system. The Sun’s mass is decreasing due to continuous conversion of hydrogen to helium reducing its mass at 4 million tonnes per second. 

Different zones of sun 

The hot central core is the place where the nuclear fusion reaction takes place and four nuclei of Hydrogen moving at high speed fuse together to form the big nuclei of Helium. 

 The energy produced in this process travels to the surface in the form of radiation. This layer where the energy released after fusion moves towards the surface is called Radiative zone. 

 Then this energy is carried up to photosphere by convection (rise of hot gases). This zone is called the Convection zone. 

Finally the energy escapes the surface of the sun in form of heat and light. And this zone is called the Photosphere. 

Many different types of features are observed on or above the photosphere such as flares and prominences. These features occur on the layer of hydrogen which is rarefied glowing red and thousands of kilometers thick. This is the Chromosphere (in reality the chromosphere can’t be seen since the glittering white photosphere shines through it). 

And the last extremely weak layer above the chromosphere, which has no definite boundary called the Corona.   

 Facts about the Sun 

 #Diameter: – 1.392×10⁶ Km. 

#Average Density: – 1.4 (if water=1). 

#Mass: – 1.99×10³⁰Kg. 

#Rotation period at equator: – 25.4 days. 

#Rotation period at poles: – 34 days. 

#Surface temperature: – 5,500°c. 

#Core temperature: – 14,000,000°c. 

#Core pressure: – 200 million times that on earth. 

#Rate of energy radiation: – 3.83×10²⁶watts 

#Composition: – Hydrogen (73.4%), Helium (24.9), traces of oxygen, carbon and other elements. 

Features of Sun 

 #Prominences: – The huge arcs of gas on the chromosphere and in the inner region of corona (Sun’s atmosphere) that appear above the sunspots. These are of two types – 

1. Eruptive Prominences – These are the result of material being lifted due to eruption of energy in the inner zone which moves the matter away from the core at the enormous speeds of up to 1000 Km per second. These prominences are not stable for long period of time and its form can change in every minute. 

2. Quiescent Prominences – These are relatively stable than eruptive prominences and they remain above the Sun’s surface for period of several months. 

  #Flares: – The bright filaments of hot gases on the chromosphere arising within complex sunspot group whose temperature can rise to several millions of degrees within a very short time. 

#Super flares: – Those binary stars that are closely spaced near each other and as consequence their angular velocities increases rapidly which enhances their magnetic field and leads to strong stellar flare (super flares). 

Super flares are also supposed to be triggered when the huge planets like Jupiter while passing near the star give rise to a flare tide due to its strong gravitation. 

#Faculae: – These are highly luminous areas above which are seen regions where sunspots are about to form. 

#Super flares: – Those binary stars that are closely spaced near each other and as consequence their angular velocities increases rapidly which enhances their magnetic field and leads to strong stellar flare (super flares). 

Super flares are also supposed to be triggered when the huge planets like Jupiter while passing near the star give rise to a flare tide due to its strong gravitation. 

#Faculae: – These are highly luminous areas above which are seen regions where sunspots are about to form. 

#Sunspots: – The dark cooler blotches or patches appear and disappear over the period of around 11 years on the surface of the Sun; they are the places where the lines of magnetic force pass through the photosphere. 

#Solar wind: – The stream of energized charged particle which are emitted during the flares when the inner core is exposed for few seconds. 

#Heliosphere: – The Suns influence extends far beyond Pluto due to solar wind. Solar wind travels at an average speed of 400 Km/sec. It produces magnetic fields and electric currents across a vast “bubble” called the Heliosphere. The edge of Heliosphere lies up to 18 billion Km from the Sun and marks the boundary of the solar system. 

#Super flares: – Those binary stars that are closely spaced near each other and as consequence their angular velocities increases rapidly which enhances their magnetic field and leads to strong stellar flare (super flares).  

Super flares are also supposed to be triggered when the huge planets like Jupiter while passing near the star give rise to a flare tide due to its strong gravitation.

Faculae: – These are highly luminous areas above which are seen regions where sunspots are about to form.

  #Sunspots: – The dark cooler blotches or patches appear and disappear over the period of around 11 years on the surface of the Sun; they are the places where the lines of magnetic force pass through the photosphere. 

#Solar wind: – The stream of energized charged particle which are emitted during the flares when the inner core is exposed for few seconds. 

 #Heliosphere: – The Suns influence extends far beyond Pluto due to solar wind. Solar wind travels at an average speed of 400 Km/sec. It produces magnetic fields and electric currents across a vast “bubble” called the Heliosphere. The edge of Heliosphere lies up to 18 billion Km from the Sun and marks the boundary of the solar system. 

Virgin Atlantic CEO Richard Branson has revealed a new ‘underwater plane’ called the Necker Nymph

that will take visitors to Necker Island. A one-week stay at Necker costs around $300,000.

The Amazing  Nymph typically goes between two to five nautical miles an hour and can dive up to 100 feet under the surface.

The Amazing Nymph can carry  a pilot and two visitors on a two-hour trip.

After undergoing scuba training, guests can uncover ancient shipwrecks, fly side-by-side with dolphins or follow whales.
Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1246972/Underwater-plane-bought-Sir-Richard-Branson.html#ixzz0eY0j4S9b